Influencing factors
The main factors affecting the rubber extruder
The main factors affecting the rubber extruder
(1) Sulfur dosage. The larger the amount, the faster the vulcanization speed, and the higher the degree of vulcanization that can be achieved. The solubility of sulfur in rubber is limited. Excess sulfur will be precipitated from the rubber surface, commonly known as "sulfur spray". In order to reduce the sulfur injection phenomenon, it is required to add sulfur at the lowest possible temperature, or at least below the melting point of sulfur. According to the requirements for the use of rubber products, the amount of sulfur in soft rubber generally does not exceed 3%, the amount of sulfur in semi-rigid rubber is generally about 20%, and the amount of sulfur in hard rubber can be as high as 40% or more.
(2) Vulcanization temperature. If the temperature is 10 ° C higher, the curing time is shortened by about half. Because rubber is a poor thermal conductor, the vulcanization process of the product is different due to the temperature difference of its various parts. In order to ensure a relatively uniform vulcanization degree, thick rubber products are generally vulcanized by gradually increasing temperature and low temperature for a long time.
(3) Vulcanization time. This is an important part of the vulcanization process. The time is too short, and the degree of vulcanization is insufficient (also called undersulfur). Too long time, too high degree of vulcanization (commonly known as over sulfur). Only the appropriate degree of vulcanization (commonly known as normal vulcanization) can ensure the best comprehensive performance.
Deformation factor
Compression set is one of the important performance indicators of rubber products. The magnitude of permanent compression of vulcanized rubber involves the elasticity and recovery of vulcanized rubber. The size of the permanent deformation is mainly dominated by changes in the rubber's recovery ability. Factors affecting the recovery ability include the interaction between molecules (viscosity), the change or destruction of the network structure, and the displacement between molecules. When the deformation of the rubber is caused by the stretching of the molecular chain, its recovery (or the size of the permanent deformation) is mainly determined by the elasticity of the rubber: if the deformation of the rubber is accompanied by the destruction of the network and the relative flow of the molecular chain, It can be said that it is unrecoverable, and it has nothing to do with elasticity. Therefore, all the factors that affect the elasticity and recovery of rubber are the factors that affect the compression and permanent deformation of vulcanized rubber. These factors include elasticity, impact elasticity (resilience), elasticity and modulus, permanent compression, permanent tear.
1. Elasticity—The elasticity of rubber should be a theoretical concept, which indicates the ease of rotation of the rubber molecular segment and side groups, or the compliance of the rubber molecular chain and the magnitude of the molecular force. For vulcanized rubber, its elasticity is also related to the density and regularity of the crosslinked network.
2. Elasticity and Permanent Deformation-It is often said that the elasticity of natural rubber is very good, but its permanent deformation is often very large. This is mainly because the natural rubber has a very high elongation. The damage and the displacement of the molecular chain are large, and the recovery process after the break is long and the unrecoverable part increases. If the permanent deformation of the fixed length is compared, the permanent deformation of natural rubber is not necessarily large.
3. The impact elasticity or resilience is measured under a constant load (or constant energy) condition. The elasticity of the elasticity is directly related to the degree of cross-linking [1] or the modulus of the vulcanizate. It expresses rubber elasticity and viscosity. (Or absorption) synthesis.
4. Compression permanent deformation is measured under constant deformation conditions, and its value is related to the elasticity and recovery ability of rubber.
In the range of higher strain rates, the dynamic stress-strain relationship of vulcanized rubber is related to the strain rate. The elastic modulus, yield stress, and flow stress all increase with the increase of the strain rate, so the material shows obvious results in dynamic experiments. Strain rate effect. Under low strain rate loading, vulcanized rubber is not sensitive to strain rate [2].
Brittleness test
Under the specified conditions, the highest temperature of the sample when it is damaged by impact is the brittle temperature. It can make a comparative identification of the performance of non-rigid plastics and other elastic materials under low temperature conditions. It can determine the pros and cons of brittleness temperature and low temperature performance of vulcanized rubber with different rubber materials or different formulations. Therefore, it is indispensable both in the quality inspection of scientific research materials and their products, and in the control of the production process.
(2) Vulcanization temperature. If the temperature is 10 ° C higher, the curing time is shortened by about half. Because rubber is a poor thermal conductor, the vulcanization process of the product is different due to the temperature difference of its various parts. In order to ensure a relatively uniform vulcanization degree, thick rubber products are generally vulcanized by gradually increasing temperature and low temperature for a long time.
(3) Vulcanization time. This is an important part of the vulcanization process. The time is too short, and the degree of vulcanization is insufficient (also called undersulfur). Too long time, too high degree of vulcanization (commonly known as over sulfur). Only the appropriate degree of vulcanization (commonly known as normal vulcanization) can ensure the best comprehensive performance.
Deformation factor
Compression set is one of the important performance indicators of rubber products. The magnitude of permanent compression of vulcanized rubber involves the elasticity and recovery of vulcanized rubber. The size of the permanent deformation is mainly dominated by changes in the rubber's recovery ability. Factors affecting the recovery ability include the interaction between molecules (viscosity), the change or destruction of the network structure, and the displacement between molecules. When the deformation of the rubber is caused by the stretching of the molecular chain, its recovery (or the size of the permanent deformation) is mainly determined by the elasticity of the rubber: if the deformation of the rubber is accompanied by the destruction of the network and the relative flow of the molecular chain, It can be said that it is unrecoverable, and it has nothing to do with elasticity. Therefore, all the factors that affect the elasticity and recovery of rubber are the factors that affect the compression and permanent deformation of vulcanized rubber. These factors include elasticity, impact elasticity (resilience), elasticity and modulus, permanent compression, permanent tear.
1. Elasticity—The elasticity of rubber should be a theoretical concept, which indicates the ease of rotation of the rubber molecular segment and side groups, or the compliance of the rubber molecular chain and the magnitude of the molecular force. For vulcanized rubber, its elasticity is also related to the density and regularity of the crosslinked network.
2. Elasticity and Permanent Deformation-It is often said that the elasticity of natural rubber is very good, but its permanent deformation is often very large. This is mainly because the natural rubber has a very high elongation. The damage and the displacement of the molecular chain are large, and the recovery process after the break is long and the unrecoverable part increases. If the permanent deformation of the fixed length is compared, the permanent deformation of natural rubber is not necessarily large.
3. The impact elasticity or resilience is measured under a constant load (or constant energy) condition. The elasticity of the elasticity is directly related to the degree of cross-linking [1] or the modulus of the vulcanizate. It expresses rubber elasticity and viscosity. (Or absorption) synthesis.
4. Compression permanent deformation is measured under constant deformation conditions, and its value is related to the elasticity and recovery ability of rubber.
In the range of higher strain rates, the dynamic stress-strain relationship of vulcanized rubber is related to the strain rate. The elastic modulus, yield stress, and flow stress all increase with the increase of the strain rate, so the material shows obvious results in dynamic experiments. Strain rate effect. Under low strain rate loading, vulcanized rubber is not sensitive to strain rate [2].
Brittleness test
Under the specified conditions, the highest temperature of the sample when it is damaged by impact is the brittle temperature. It can make a comparative identification of the performance of non-rigid plastics and other elastic materials under low temperature conditions. It can determine the pros and cons of brittleness temperature and low temperature performance of vulcanized rubber with different rubber materials or different formulations. Therefore, it is indispensable both in the quality inspection of scientific research materials and their products, and in the control of the production process.
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