Domestic violence victimization among Chinese women This study conducted a survey of domestic violence victimization among women in China. Previously little research has been conducted on the subject of domestic violence against Chinese women as well as its relevance to their own economic power.To get more news about https://www.shine.cn/feature/art-culture/2203163163/ women in ancient china, you can visit shine news official website. Methods: Using online questionnaires, this study collected data about 412 women with current or previous marital status who came from four income brackets in Beijing and Shanghai. Results: It revealed that the proportions of physical, emotional, economic, and sexual violence they experienced were about 27.91%, 62.38%, 21.12%, and 30.10%, respectively. Women belonging to the highest income bracket faced almost the same risk of domestic violence compared with other income groups. Furthermore, there was a slight upward tendency in physical and emotional violence victimization in the highest-income group. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that adverse childhood experiences, arguments between couples due to different opinions regarding gender ideologies, and the approval level for specific gender ideologies were common significant factors across different income brackets. When all income brackets were considered, a higher income was tested as a protective factor with regard to sexual violence. As for the income gap between couples, women whose incomes were “once higher than that of the husband but now lower/almost the same” or “always higher than that of the husband” faced a higher risk of physical violence than women whose incomes were “always lower than/almost the same as that of the husband.” Discussion: This study not only revealed the reality of domestic violence victimization in China but also suggested that more attention should be paid to high-income women's domestic violence victimization as well as the importance of helping them both through academia and domestic violence support institutions. 1. Introduction Intimate partner domestic violence, as a category of violence against women, causes serious physical and psychological damage to its victims (World Health Organization, 2005). Approximately 18% of the global population of women lives in China (The World Bank, 2021). Nevertheless, the issues of domestic violence against Chinese women as well as their own economic status have not been sufficiently unveiled in research. This presents a critical void with regard to clarifying the reality of worldwide domestic violence victimization. 2. Materials and methods In this article, the term domestic violence refers specifically to intimate partner violence, and it is divided into physical, emotional, economic, and sexual violence (Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office, 2021). Globally, 15–71% of women have reported experiencing physical or sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner at some point in their lifetime (World Health Organization, 2005). According to a national survey of women's social status that is conducted every decade in China, ~8.6% of women have experienced physical and emotional violence from their spouse (China Women's News, 2021). However, research investigating the victimization of Chinese women across different economic strata (e.g., based on personal income) has been scarce. 3. Results The basic information of the participants, including their education levels, education level of spouses/former spouses, income gap and its changes between couples, and number of children are presented in Table 3.

Newly developed hydrogel proven effective in relieving chronic low back pain An experimental formulation of a hydrogel, injected into spinal discs, proved safe and effective in substantially relieving chronic low back pain caused by degenerative disc disease (DDD), according to new research to be presented at the Society of Interventional Radiology Annual Scientific Meeting, in Boston. Hydrogels have been used for a number of years to treat DDD, but the current study is the first test of this particular gel in humans.Get more news about https://www.szomori.com factory direct sale medical hydrogel manufacturers,you can vist our website! After six months, all participants in this small study reported significantly less low back pain-;declining from an average self-reported pain level of 7.1 down to 2.0 on a scale of zero to 10. They also experienced greatly improved physical function, with average scores falling from 48 to 6 on a questionnaire to gauge the impact of low back pain in preventing patients from the ability to perform normal activities. The gel used in this study, Hydrafil™, is a second-generation hydrogel developed by ReGelTec, Inc. In 2020, it received FDA's breakthrough device designation, which allows expedited review when early evidence suggests an experimental product may provide more effective treatment than current options for treating a serious condition. Dr. Beall is a medical advisor to the company. The research team enrolled 20 patients, aged 22 to 69, with chronic DDD low back pain. Each described their pain as four or higher on the 10-point scale. None had found more than mild relief from conservative care, which includes rest, analgesics, physical therapy, and back braces. Patients were sedated for the procedure, and the gel was heated to become a thick liquid. Guided by fluoroscopic imaging, researchers used a 17-gauge needle to inject the gel directly into the affected discs, where the gel filled in cracks and tears, adhering to the disc's center and outer layer. "We really have no good treatments for degenerative disc disease, aside from conservative care," said Dr. Beall. "Surgery is statistically no more effective than conservative care and can potentially make things worse; nerve ablation is appropriate for only a few patients; and existing hydrogels are inserted through an incision as a soft solid, which can pop out of place if you're not highly skilled in placing it." "Because this gel is injectable, it requires no incision, and it augments the whole disc, restoring its structural integrity, which nothing we have currently can do," he said. Degenerative disc disease is the leading cause of chronic low back pain, one of the world's most common medical conditions. Healthy discs cushion the spine's vertebrae, facilitating movement and flexibility. With normal aging, though, they can become dry, thin, cracked or torn, causing pain or loss of motion. By age 60, most people have at least some disc degeneration.

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