Depression is a mental health disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It can cause a persistent feeling of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. Depression can also lead to physical symptoms such as fatigue, changes in appetite, and difficulty sleeping. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms and diagnosis of depression, and what steps you can take if you or someone you know may be experiencing this condition.

Symptoms of Depression

Depression can manifest in a variety of ways, and not everyone experiences the same symptoms. However, some common symptoms of depression include:

Persistent sadness or feeling "empty"

Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed

Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or hopelessness

Difficulty concentrating, remembering details, or making decisions

Irritability, restlessness, or agitation

Changes in appetite or weight

Fatigue or lack of energy

Thoughts of suicide or self-harm

Diagnosis of Depression

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is a tool used by mental health professionals to diagnose depression. According to the DSM-5, a diagnosis of depression requires the presence of at least five of the following symptoms for two or more weeks:

Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities

Significant weight loss or gain, or decrease or increase in appetite

Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping)

Psychomotor agitation or retardation

Fatigue or loss of energy

Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt

Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness

Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

Conclusion

Depression is a widespread mental health disorder that can cause persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities.