There are many ways to prevent cancer - making healthy choices, avoiding certain exposures, and taking medicines or vaccines.

Regular screening tests may find breast, cervical, and colorectal (colon) cancers early when treatment is likely to work best. Screening also includes lung cancer testing for people at high risk. You can also use Fildena if your doctor prescribes it for you.

Symptoms

Many people don't experience cancer symptoms until it has spread, so early diagnosis is important. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, or itching in the affected area and changes in your body's appearance.

See your doctor if you have a fever that lasts for three days or more or is accompanied by other symptoms, like night sweats or chills. Fever can be a sign of several illnesses and may be a common symptom of blood cancers, such as lymphoma, but only your doctor can tell.

Unexplained bleeding, especially from the bowel or bladder, is also something to look out for. You should see your doctor if you have a sudden and large amount of blood in your urine or feces, bleed during menstruation, or cough up a lot of blood when you're sick.

Fatigue or extreme tiredness that doesn't get better with rest is a common symptom and can be caused by stress, low blood sugar levels, or cancer. Your doctor can check your weight, eating, and sleep habits to identify the cause of your fatigue.

Changes in your skin, such as the appearance of new moles or the growth of unusual bumps or spots, can be a sign of skin cancer. The skin can also provide clues to other cancers, including liver, ovarian, and kidney or lymphoma.

The whites of your eyes or your skin (jaundice) can also indicate some types of cancer. This can happen because the cancer is growing into or pushing on nearby organs or blood vessels.

You might also notice changes in your nails or skin, such as thickening or cracking if you have skin cancer. The skin can also provide clues about other kinds of cancers, such as if the skin becomes darkened or looks yellowish or if you develop more hair on your head than usual.

You can help prevent some cancers by avoiding certain risk factors like smoking, alcohol, and sun exposure. There are also screening programs that can detect cancers before they start to cause any problems. Screening is available free of charge to eligible people.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis determines what disorder, disease, or lesion causes a patient's symptoms and signs. It combines knowledge of the body's normal function (homeostasis) with diagnostic procedures determining whether a specific disease or condition is present.

Diagnosis aims to identify the cause of a patient's problem, thereby establishing a treatment plan. The process relies on several factors, including the timing and sequence of a patient's symptoms, a medical history, risk factors for a certain disease, physical signs, nonverbal signals of distress, and the results of selected laboratory, radiological, and other imaging tests.

A doctor's ability to diagnose a medical condition depends on their training, experience, and skill. Medical professionals, especially physicians, spend much time learning how to interpret.

This process is based on the assumption that the human body is a complex system of interrelated organs that work together to maintain healthy homeostasis. The doctor's job is to understand this complex system to detect when a patient has an abnormality that may indicate a problem.

In many cases, it is important to diagnose cancer as early as possible to start treatment before the disease spreads or worsens. In this way, treatment is more effective, and the person has a better chance of survival.

Doctors usually begin with a physical examination and medical history to detect a tumor. They also perform laboratory studies that check for a tumor's presence and size. They can also use imaging tests such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. A biopsy is often used to confirm the diagnosis of cancer.

Various types of cancers exist, each with a unique way of growing and spreading. Some are slow-growing and stay where they are started, while others grow quickly and spread to other body parts. Regardless of their differences, cancers all share one thing: they can lead to death.

Treatment

Early detection is key to effective treatment and a high chance of a cure. The best way to find cancer is through screening tests that look for signs of the disease, including cancer cells and abnormal tissue.

The most important part of cancer prevention is to get regular check-ups with your doctor. This will help you stay on top of your health and learn what screenings are right for you based on age, gender, family history, and other risk factors.

DCP supports research for new and improved cancer prevention and interception strategies through developing and validating screening interventions, and biomarkers for early diagnosis, preventing carcinogenesis or intercepting the process before it can progress, and creating treatments to prevent and manage symptoms caused by cancer and cancer therapy.

Some cancers, such as lung and colon cancers, are preventable by avoiding tobacco use, eating healthy foods, and increasing physical activity. These interventions can reduce the risk of developing cancer, improve the survival of patients and their families, and lower cancer's personal, societal, and economic costs.

Various other interventions, such as vaccines, are also available for cancer prevention and early detection. These include cancer-specific and immune-enhancing vaccines that work together to prevent cancer, reduce the risk of cancer recurrence, or delay tumor progression.

There are many types of cancer, each with a unique treatment plan. Some examples are immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted drug therapy.

Immunotherapy, or biological therapy, uses the body's immune system to target cancer cells. Hormone therapy and targeted drug therapy focus on specific abnormalities within cancer cells that allow them to survive.

Your doctor will also use a biopsy to diagnose your cancer type. A biopsy removes a small piece of tissue from your body to be tested in the laboratory.

The lab will then examine the sample to determine the type of cancer you have and what stage it is in. This stage is the extent of your cancer and can affect your treatment options and how likely you are to have a cure.

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Prevention

Cancer begins when a normal cell undergoes a genetic change in most people. This change causes the cell to start dividing inappropriately or increasing in ways that are not healthy for the body. When these cells grow out of control, they crowd out the normal cells, making it harder for your body to work properly. These abnormal cells then produce tumors that cause the symptoms you experience as cancer.

This multi-step process, which is triggered by a variety of factors, can take years to complete. Because each step is a rare accident that requires years to occur, it takes a long time for cancer to develop and spread from the tumor's original site to other parts of the body.

Fortunately, cancer is often preventable. You can lower your risk by making healthy choices, such as avoiding tobacco and eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. You can also get screening tests and vaccines (shots) to help prevent cancer.

The American Cancer Society recommends regular screening for common cancers, such as breast, cervical, and colorectal (colon). This can help detect cancers before they have any symptoms and can save your life.

Some types of cancers can also be prevented by taking certain drugs, such as those for high blood pressure or cholesterol. These drugs can also decrease your risk of getting cancer, such as prostate and uterine cancer.

Cancer cells can sometimes spread from the primary tumor to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymph system. This is called metastatic cancer.

Because of how metastatic cancer spreads, it is important to catch it early when it is easiest to treat. This is usually done by performing an exam or blood test that can show signs of cancer.

If the cancer is caught early, it is much more likely to respond well to treatment and have a good outcome. It can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

The prevention of cancer is a major public health concern. WHO works with Member States to strengthen national policies and programs and ensure people have the information and support to adopt healthy lifestyles and reduce their exposure to cancer-related risk factors.